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Our results highlight the importance of paying extra attention to nutritional status for this group of community-dwelling older adults. Compared to the living alone (-)/cognitive impairment (-) group, the living alone (+)/cognitive impairment (+) group was more likely to have a low serum albumin level (adjusted odds ratio = 3.10, 95% confidence interval = 1.31 to 7.33) and low FFMI (adjusted odds ratio = 2.79, 95% confidence interval = 1.10 to 7.06) after adjusting for potential confounders.Ĭognitively impaired older adults living alone had poorer nutrition than cognitively normal and cohabitating persons in this study. The percentages of participants in the living alone (-)/cognitive impairment (-) group, the living alone (+)/cognitive impairment (-) group, the living alone (-)/cognitive impairment (+) group, and the living alone (+)/cognitive impairment (+) group were 54.8%, 37.3%, 5.6%, and 2.3%, respectively. A logistic regression model with the outcome of a low serum albumin level (serum albumin <4 g/dL) and low FFMI (<16 kg/m ² in men and <14 kg/m ² in women) were used to analyze the data. The fat-free mass index (FFMI) was calculated based on anthropometric and body composition measurements. Nutritional status was evaluated using the serum albumin level. The study participants were categorized according to whether they lived alone, which was confirmed via questionnaire, and had cognitive impairment, which was defined as having a Mini Mental State Examination-Japanese score ≤23. This cross-sectional study included 1051 older adults (633 women and 418 men, mean age: 77.1 years) from the Takashimadaira study. To investigate nutritional status and body composition in cognitively impaired older persons living alone. Any future studies should further assess the impact of reverse causation and residual confounding on these associations. Higher body fat content was related to a higher risk of mortality in a J shaped manner. In subgroup analyses, although there was little evidence of between-subgroup heterogeneity, the observed positive associations were more pronounced in studies which had a longer duration, excluded participants with prevalent cardiovascular disease and cancer at baseline, with adjustment for smoking or restricted to never smokers, and less pronounced in studies which adjusted for potential intermediates, suggesting an impact of reverse causation, confounding and over-adjustment in some of the studies. There was a J shaped association between BF% and FM and all-cause mortality risk, with the lowest risk at BF% of 25% and FM of 20 kg. The HRs of all-cause mortality for a 10% increment in BF were 1.11 (95%CI: 1.02, 1.20 I2 = 93%, n = 11) in the general adult populations, and 0.92 (95%CI: 0.79, 1.06 I2 = 76%, n = 7) in adults older than 60 years.
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We applied random-effects models to calculate the relative risks (RRs) and 95%CIs.Ī total of 35 prospective cohort studies with 923,295 participants and 68,389 deaths were identified.
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We selected prospective cohorts of the relationship between body fat with risk of all-cause mortality in the general population. We did a systematic search in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science to June 2021. We aimed to evaluate the relationships between body fat percentage (BF%), fat mass (FM), fat mass index (FMI) and visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) with risk of all-cause mortality.